D-6 Pipe Sizes For Water Distribution System Design D-2. Environmental Engg. 95. 28 in for 1/2-inch pipe, this grade of copper pipe is commonly used for residential water supply pipes. Fixture Unit Table for Determining Water Pipe & Meter Sizes. Jun 20, 2024 · The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) has reduced the maximum allowable lead content -- that is, content that is considered "lead-free" -- to be a weighted average of 0. The water service pipe shall be sized to supply water to the structure in the quantities and at the pressures required in this code. (It is also used in fire protection, fuel oil, HVAC, and vacuum system piping, though such uses are not common for DIY homeowners. 1 mm) in diameter. EPANET-RTX software works by providing access accessing available utility data and Photo by P. A sound water distribution system aims to supply […] Sep 9, 2019 · Drinking water distribution system infrastructure is composed of pipes (transmission lines and distribution mains), storage facilities (tanks and reservoirs), valves, pumps, and other appurtenances (e. Around 80% of the total cost of a water supply project is invested in its water distribution system []. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most common types of piping, and it can be used for underground water supply in some applications. Water distribution pipe and tubing shall have a pressure rating of not less than 100 psi (690 kPa) at 180ºF (82ºC). The nodes represent junctions, tanks, and reservoirs. PEX Pipe. Advantages: It gives quick service. Cast Iron – Owing to its excellent corrosion tolerance and extended life, cast iron pipe is frequently utilized in municipal water distribution networks. The cost of the distribution system is about 40-70 % of the total of the entire scheme. The identification shall indicate the pipe contents and the direction of flow in the pipe. Average Cost: PEX piping averages around $1 per linear foot and ranges from $0. 7 Labeling of water distribution pipes in bundles. The process includes various stages, such as planning, excavation MDPE pipe, also known as medium density polyethylene pipe, is used externally for supplying water to a property, usually mains water, up to the stopcock of the building. This pipe is great for long-term use to supply water to a property. D-3. While refreshing your coolant system is very highly recommended, the water distribution is loccated under the intake manifold and not part of the refresh. Ductile-iron pipes used in water distribution systems are typically lined with a sealing coat of petroleum asphalt, which is in direct contact with the water. EPANET-RTX brings real-time analytics to water distribution system modeling, planning, and operations. com ® nor IAPMO assume liability of any kind resulting from your use of the information presented. The Rieber joining system is a factory made Mar 13, 2023 · The 1D hydrodynamic pipe network model under burst conditions was constructed based on the normal conditions. If the water is treated before distribution or at the point of use (POU) depends on the context. 5 = 210 feet, or 42. Please note that neither PlumbingSupply. Refer toFigures D-1 through D-5, pages D-7 through D-11,todesign and draw a water service line. it is common to rate water Volume flow and discharge height from vertical water pipes. . $124. 17 Each year, 250,000 to 300,000 main breaks occur in the U. Different types of water distribution systems are adopted considering the pressure requirement, operation and maintenance (O&M) strategy adopted, cost parameter, and overall length of 2. May 17, 2020 · The distribution system is a network of pipe lines inside the municipal limit, for transporting purified water to the consumers. 💧 ABS Piping What is it?: May 5, 2020 · In the present study, triplicate rings of 360° pipe surfaces of an operational drinking water distribution pipe were swabbed. , 1980). 4. This lining serves primarily to control the curing rate of an inner layer of Portland cement, which is used to retard corrosion of the pipe by aggressive waters (Miller et al. Delivery Velocities vs. HDPE pipe can handle occasional surges up to 2 times its’ pressure rating, and recurring surges up to 1. Extend it up about 10 inches. Sep 20, 2018 · Water Distribution Pipe - A pipe within the structure or on the premises that conveys water from the water service pipe, or from the meter when the meter is a the structure, to the point of utilization. public water supply, licensing of plumbers, design of water supply systems, principles of conveyance and distribution of water within the premises, storage, water fittings and appliances, and May 25, 2023 · Fittings and valves add 50% to your total length, but this could vary based on design. Cost: PEX pipes are one of the cheapest in the market, selling between 50 cents to $2 per foot. A map of the water mains in your town would look something like the pattern of branches on a tree or the pattern of tributaries in a river system. The distribution system consists of large sized mains, arterial mains and minor distributors. 2 million miles of transmission and distribution mains. Concrete. So successful was the investment in clean water distribution systems that in the developed world, we take for granted the safety of our water. Asbestos Cement. Analytics refer to the discovery and interpretation of patterns in data. Galvanized carbon steel pipes are more often used for the condenser water of a chilled water system. Shell Oil Co. Water Supply Pipe Jun 3, 2024 · White plastic, copper, and galvanized (silver-toned) pipes from 1/2 to 1 inch in diameter generally carry water, though some galvanized steel, black steel, and flexible copper pipes of the same sizes may carry gas. Available in 2-foot and 10-foot lengths with diameters of ½ inch to 1 inch. 9 meters of total developed length. 2 percent for solder and flux. In this study, a methodology is developed to identify the critical pipes in the water distribution network for its rehabilitation by using four network reliability metrics: supply shortage, pressure decline, energy loss per unit length, and the hydraulic uniformity index. 5 = 63. Feb 11, 2021 · PEX is available in a variety of lengths, from short 10-foot pieces (for small repairs) to rolls over 500 feet long, which are used to install a home’s entire water supply system. Analysis of Pipe Networks. To pipe and fittings is very important to reduce the service downtime and water loss, as well as increase the energy use efficiency. Building supply, not less than 3/4 of an inch (20 mm) nominal size. Contact Supplier. Galvanized steel pipe. From this pool, there are numerous variations of pipe classifications, coatings, linings, manufacturing differences, and so on. The water distribution components such as pipes are laid below the roads. Transmission water mains (piping) are the largest in diameter of the three. was 45 years old -- an increase in average age from 25 years old in 1970. 1 UNITS The primary units that are used in this calculator and guide are the United States Customary System Units (USCS). Vitrified Clay. Also, since PEX is more flexible and available in long A water pipe is any pipe or tube designed to transport drinking water to consumers. S. Each ring was equally divided into 16 parts for swabbing. In 1995, a class-action lawsuit was filed in Tennessee over faulty polybutylene plastic piping. Oct 18, 2021 · The water distribution network needs to be rehabilitated when the network is unable to perform the desired function. EP water manifold systems are an economic alternative to copper manifolds but are just as effective. Nov 22, 2020 · Transmission Piping. Used in larger diameter piping applications outside buildings for water distribution and transmission, sanitary sewers, storm sewers and culverts and industrial piping systems. Distribution System Operations & Maintenance. Polyethylene cross-linked pipe (PEX) is an affordable plastic tubing that’s popular for water supply lines because it doesn’t leach Steel Water Pipe, 6 In. 0:03 - ANSI / AWWA Pipe Standards0:58 - ANSI / Jun 5, 2023 · Minimizing water delivery costs and increasing water supply dependability are the two key objectives in designing and operating of water distribution systems. Oct 1, 2012 · A PVC water pipe with bell-and-spigot joints is studied under uniform and non-uniform bedding conditions. ABS Pipes. They can range from as small as 16” in diameter up to more than 120” in diameter depending on the size of the distribution system, the location of the source water, and the number of customers within the distribution system service area. In well planned and designed water distribution networks, water is generally treated before distribution and sometimes also chlorinated, in order to prevent A water supply pipe line should be sized according expected demand and not the total theoretical demand from all fixtures at the same time. PVC is generally inexpensive and is a reliable, durable material. Metallic pipes include galvanized iron pipes, steel pipes, and cast-iron pipes. Between 2004 and 2017, various sources estimate there were between 10 to 37 leaks and breaks per 100 miles of pipe. The main consideration for system design (fire protection) Fire flow requirements dictate: Water main pipe size Water storage facility size Pumping station capacity. Cast iron pipes are produced from pig iron. Wrap it with foil tape. 25 percent calculated across the wetted surfaces of pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fixtures and 0. If you really want to get down to the exact leak, pressure test the coolant system and find the culprit. Some of these pipes are discussed below. Unit sizes provided in the table 1 and table 2 is in mm, but the size of pipes in the chart is in inch. Sustainability is not just a buzzword for today’s environment; it is an essential factor when considering which material to choose for the best value over the lifetime of a water distribution pipe that, more often than not, is buried underground and therefore, is “out of sight, out of mind. The different manufacturing process yields a pipe that's more heat-resistant (up to 200°F), and thus approved for indoor water distribution. All these elements must work together from beginning to end to create a fully functioning water distribution system. Cheaper than metal and relatively easy to install, CPVC is also resistant to corrosion. An analytical solution for the best pipe diameters of a water distribution pipe network was created in this study. 606. The water service pipe shall be not less than 3 / 4 inch (19. Distribution lines in the potable water grid are typically in the range from d63 up to d355. Jun 28, 2023 · The laying of water supply pipes is a vital step in the construction of a functional water distribution system. The cleansed water was pushed Apr 7, 2022 · A cracked or severed underground water supply line is a vexing problem that few homeowners ever want to face. PEX pipe SKU: AJ85885. Polythene pipes. Different types of approaches — such as quality indicator I2 [ 180 ], energy A "water-service" pipe line extends from the potable water source to the interior of a building. Weigand. 6 x 10 6 km), which is being replaced at an estimated rate of once every 200 years (Grigg, 2005b). Galvanized iron pipes. Our piping systems have a design pressure of up to 16 bar. May 9, 2023 · Wrap fiberglass tape pipe insulation around the hot water supply pipe coming out of the water heater. Northern Pipe Products PVC gasketed ANSI/AWWA C900 PVC potable water distribution pipe is manufactured with gasketed joints conforming to the specifications of ASTM D3139. 3. Water systems maintain more than 2. Jp Polyplast. The distribution system includes pumps, reservoirs, valves, water meters, pipe fittings, etc. Commonly Used For: Water supply lines. PEX pipe is less likely than CPVC pipe to burst if it freezes. ₹ 65 / Meter. Applications. HDPE pipe can handle much higher flow velocities which result in lower A water distribution system consists of three major components: pumps, distribution storage, and distribution piping network. 4 Water distribution pipe. We value our Figure 1: This figure shows an example of a domestic water distribution system (only cold water) for a commercial kitchen. 785L/m. Sep 20, 2021 · Steel. Ductile iron pipe is twice as strong as cast-iron pipe in terms of tensile and burst strength, and it is superior in impact strength and elongation. Copper Pipes. The links represent pipes, pumps, and control valves. First, a PEX doesn’t require glue, which means you don’t have to work in well-ventilated spaces or wear a respirator. Northern Pipe Products employs the Rieber Gasket System. The arrangement of pipes, pumps, and other infrastructure required to carry water from a source, such as a treatment plant, to end customers is included in the design. In the finite element analyses (FEA), a pipe of diameter to thickness ratio (SDR) equal to 28 and nominal size 135 mm which has average internal diameter 133 mm, average wall thickness 5. Best for PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) pipe is a somewhat recent innovation in plumbing that is best for supply lines for hot and cold water in homes. PVC (PolyVinyl Chloride) for plumbing waste lines. , pressure regulators and bulk meters). 6 meters x 1. 6 meters from the water source to the most remote fixture. GF Piping Systems offers a comprehensive range of jointing technologies to satisfy Shock chlorinating water lines is one of the most popular methods for sanitizing pipelines. Apr 29, 2022 · Here are types of plumbing materials used in piping for waste lines, water supply pipes , and natural gas supply: Cast iron for plumbing waste lines. Plastic. 4mm, 1 ft. Copper pipes. (150 mm) and Larger: C203-20 Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipes: C205-18 Cement-Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe - 4 In. Water distribution pipe shall conform to NSF 61 and shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 605. Sep 9, 2014 · Water can be supplied to any point from at least two directions. The flow stability time of the burst position obtained by the model is 24100 s in which the water supply flow is reduced to 0m 3 /s after the pipe burst, and flow stability time of the pipe section is positively correlated with the Connecting mains, distribution pipes, and service lines safely and reliably is crucial for water distribution. PVC is a plumbing pipe known for its versatility, lightweight build, and blockage resistance. 1. Here we will discuss about the different layout methods used in distribution system. flow velocities on delivery sides of pumps in viscous systems. 603. Quantity: Description. The water is pumped into the distribution reservoir kept in the middle of each zone and the supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the periphery. Jan 5, 2023 · PEX piping is typically used for water supply lines, be it drinking water, shower water, or toilet water. #4 · Dec 26, 2015. 2. Viscous Liquids - Max. Exponent addresses failure risks, including pipe corrosion and aging, by conducting asbestos-cement pipe condition assessments to determine remaining life and develop replacement plans for distribution systems. Sep 9, 2020 · The scientific triggers for the higher lead release were 1) very high incidences of lead service lines, lead solder, galvanized iron pipe, and leaded brass in the water distribution system; 2) increased water acidity; 3) increased chloride to sulfate mass ratio from use of ferric chloride coagulation and the Flint River’s natural salinity Formulated as chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe for use in hot and cold water delivery systems in buildings. One report found a 27% increase in water main break rates between 2012 and 2018, reaching an estimated 250,000 to 300,000 breaks per year; this is equivalent to a water main break every two minutes. What this means is that pipes being run to We start our calculation using following four steps: (1) Estimating Demand (Water Supply Fixture Units) - WSFU. CPVC pipes can be used for copper pipe replacement in residential plumbing. Explore AWWA’s extensive manuals and standards on this topic to develop a complete program for the management, operation, and 605. Each infrastructure component is vulnerable to different contamination mechanisms as it deteriorates. Galvanized Carbon Steel Pipe. Delivery Flow Velocities Recommended max. Bend Insulation Around Turns. In the cases of the extension The distribution system transports water after purification to the end-user through a network of pipes, which is a highly energy consuming process depending on the characteristic of an area's topographic features, management strategies, and amount of water demanded. The charts provided here were taken from the 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code ®. The pipe layout is similar to the road layout which helps to cover most of the places. EPANET models a water distribution system as a collection of links connected to nodes. , disrupting supply and risking contamination of drinking water. The water supply fixtures units (WSFU) fed by a pipe is determined by the number of each plumbing fixture that is connected to the pipe and the governing plumbing code. 1 STEP 1: DETERMINE WSFU. This type of pipe is bright blue so it can be easily identified in the ground. true A ___ is a water supply pipe located between a water distribution pipe and fixture supply pipe. 438m/s at valve seat to prevent noise and erosion. PVC pipe is available in a variety of lengths Mar 29, 2024 · 2. fixed water demand and pipe roughness. Mar 15, 2023 · 4. Cast Iron and Galvanized Piping. The pipes which are leading from the distribution main of water supply to the plumbing system of house are known as service pipes. The calculation would be 140 feet x 1. 4 ° F. The piping layout consists of the geometrical arrangement of the pipes from the water supply to all plumbing fixtures. Certainly, we do not look to this long-established public sector as the setting Pipe2024 is a versatile, full-featured environment. The raw water was collected from a water canal and transported to a treatment plant (WTP). 5 mm, average external diameter (OD) 143 mm, and average bell depth of 100 mm is modeled (based on the CPVC Pipe. Feb 1, 2019 · Common pipe materials include: bar-wrapped concrete pressure, ductile iron, fiberglass, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), prestressed concrete cylinder, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and steel pipe. 4. Jaguar AJ85885 Engine water distribution pipe with sensor + Located under the thermostat on the front of the engine. 1. A water distribution pipe that routes the water supply vertically one full story or more is called a ? . 10. Your water pressure decreases by about a half pound per square inch for every foot a pipe extends above your water supply, which is especially important when running new lines to an upper-level area of your home. The distribution of water means delivering treated water to the user from the source. 30-11, and shall have a minimum working pressure of 100 psig at 73. This rigid water pipe is suitable for hot and cold water applications. (2) Calculating Pipe Sizes for the whole building (Cold and Hot Water System) (3) Calculating Pipe Sizes for the whole building (Cold and Hot Water System) (4) Calculating Friction Pressure Drops or losses in Cold and Hot Water Pipes. Nov 30, 1983 · SCOPE. Dead-End System or Tree System: In this system, one main pipe line runs through the centre of Feb 10, 2021 · TYPE OF PIPES: PEX. Mar 9, 2022 · A water distribution network (WDN) is comprised of various elements, such as reservoirs, pumps, pipes, tanks, and valves. Pump selection and analysis is presented in Chap. Cox vs. Storage tanks are included in systems for emergency Sep 1, 2022 · Type M: With a wall thickness of 0. Exponent's assessments of water distribution systems begin with collecting system data and performing system-wide sampling, condition WESTERN Submersible HDPE Pipe, For Water Supply. Copper tube. 1 below illustrates how these objects can be connected to one another to form a network. Requirements of distribution systems. Pipe and tubing for cold water distribution systems downstream of water treatment devices designed to serve fixtures, appliances and devices that provide < 1 gpm at each outlet shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 384. Commonly used and approved materials in water-distribution pipe lines are. Chromed copper for water supply lines. 0 Water Distribution Pipe Nov 9, 2022 · The process of distributing treated water to the consumers is called a water distribution system. Use the following steps andFigure D-1 to determine the size of the pipe, the velocity, and the friction loss from Point A to Point B Water distribution systems (WDS) are a type of spatially organized systems in which components are connected by pipes. (100 mm) and Larger - Shop Applied: C206-23 Field Welding of Steel Water Pipe: C207-23 Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service - Sizes 4 In. Ask Price. 5 times its’ pressure rating with no risk of stress damage to the pipe. This figure will be used to exemplify how a domestic water system is sized. 5 -20 Kg/Cm2 HDPE Drinking Water Coil Pipe, 6m. Large-diameter (1 1/2 inch and larger) black plastic, cast-iron, and copper pipes are often used for the drain-waste-vent system. Chlorine's powerful germicidal action eliminates slime bacteria, molds, and algae in water pipes. Physical Components ¶. These water manifold systems are available from 3 to 12 outlets and in valved and valveless models. Apr 4, 2024 · PEX Pipes. Unlike supply piping, it is not pressurized, and requires vents Oct 3, 2022 · DIPRA Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe. Engine water distribution pipe with sensor + Located under the thermostat on the front of the engine. Due to intermittent use of the fixtures it may be difficult to predict a realistic demand but the values below are relevant for water supply lines in applications like homes, offices, nursing homes etc. It is rigid, resists corrosion, and can have a lifespan of over 100 years. 1 Size of water service pipe. Pipe and fittings join with primer and solvent cement or push-to-connect fittings. Western Irrigation System Private Limited. WaterZone 2. PVC. g. 1 This code deals with water supply in buildings, and covers general requirements and regulations for water supply, plumbing connected to. Radial System: The area is divided into different zones. ) Feb 20, 2021 · Steel pipes have been used for water distribution systems since the 19th century [44] as a substitute for iron pipes [52]. Dec 25, 2015 · 204 posts · Joined 2011. Design of a Distribution System 3. During transmission of purified water to consumers from water treatment plant, degree Mar 29, 2022 · Supply pipes are ¾ inch in diameter and individual components are ½ inch in diameter. 18 To successfully move water through a community, pipes must carry adequate amounts of water, pumps must create flow and provide pressure, valves must open and close properly, and storage structures must hold and maintain the water. ProPEX Copper Manifolds feature a 1" copper supply constructed of type "L" copper. A WDS is a complex network of source nodes, control and distribution nodes, demand nodes, and transmission and distribution links. Fig. Feb 19, 2024 · Failure Mechanisms and Lifetime Prediction Methodology for Polybutylene Pipe in Water Distribution System; Crack Initiation in Engineering Thermoplastics Resulting from Chemical Degradation; Polybutylene Pipe Lawsuits. These service pipes are made from different materials as classified below. On the other hand, PVC and HDPE pipes are the main categories of plastic pipes used in water piping systems. The Technical Guideline comprises recommendations for the procurement process, the selection of water distribution pipes, the establishment of technical specifications, and the installation and maintenance of The extent of water distribution pipes in the United States is estimated to be a total length of 980,000 miles (1. 16 In 2020, the average age of water pipes in the U. W. Water Pipes come in several types and sizes as per their applications which include 3 main categories of materials such as metallic, cement, and plastic pipes. riser A water distribution pipe that routes the water supply horizontally to fixtures or other pipes at the same approximate level is called a ? . The water mains keep branching out Nov 14, 2023 · HDPE pipes are the most resistant to surge and fatigue of any potable water piping systems. Layout of Distribution System: Depending upon the layout of various pipes of a distribution system there are four different systems of layout of distribution system as indicated below: 1. Water velocity should not be greater than 2. We might be familiar with common indoor plumbing problems, like leaking faucets or wobbly toilets, but when it comes to the hidden underground pipes that deliver fresh water from the city water main to the house, a problem feels much more intimidating. PVC piping is joined via either threaded fittings or Jan 1, 2021 · The optimal design of water distribution system have started with the least cost design of single objective function using fixed hydraulic variables, eg. 2 Separation of water service and building sewer. These figures can also be used to determine pipe sizes. Fire protection requirements set by ISO General Minimum Requirements: Residential mains - 6 inch diameter Commercial mains – 8 inch diameter Fire hydrant supply – 6 inch diameter. Most systems require pumps to supply lift to overcome elevation differences and energy losses due to friction. 8mm, 1 gallon/m=3. Water Flow - Max. In combination with KYPipe, or the other modules, Pipe2024 is a powerful pipe distribution design software originally developed for the engineer needing accurate and efficient hydraulic calculations, but practical enough for managers and operators of many types of piping networks. So, Pipe area should be at least equal to water flow rate divided by eight. Chromed brass for plumbing waste lines. PVC Pipes. The pipes that drain the sinks, tubs and toilets are the wastewater piping. Generally, steel pipes are classified by the dif ference in. Pipe Size Recommended maximum flow velocities in water systems on the delivery side of the pump. = 304. Jan 24, 2018 · Learn about Distribution Pipe Material in this excerpt from our Distribution System Basics exam review course. Data and Web mining enables detailed analysis of WDS. The construction of sanitary water delivery systems that ended the scourges of typhoid, cholera and other diseases was one of the public health triumphs of the last century. Where water distribution piping is bundled at installation, each pipe in the bundle shall be identified using stenciling or commercially available pipe labels. ” The term "water distribution pipe" shall mean a pipe which conveys water to be used for plumbing systems in any part of premises NYC 1938 Code > 15 Plumbing and Gas Piping > 1 Definitions of Plumbing Terms > §C26-1218. Ashirvad 4 Inch CPVC Water Pipe. Mar 22, 2024 · A PEX supply and CPVC cost about the same. The collected swabs were grouped into 3 sections and compared with the biofilm samples sampled by sonication of specimens from the same pipe. These copper manifolds are available with or without stop valves. PB - polybutene. The pipe standards used are the same, just galvanized. Copper. 1 inch= 25. 30-8 or 384. The layout of water distribution system tells us the network of pipes provided in the area and helps to determine the repair locations if any damages occurs. Rates of repair and rehabilitation have not been estimated. 50 to $2, depending on the pipe diameter. The operation and maintenance of water distribution systems includes maintenance of water quality, system management programs, and operation and maintenance of facilities. The gaskets are manufactured to conform to the requirements of ASTM F477. Inside the building the "water-service" pipe becomes a "water-distribution" pipe. In the example here there is a total of 140 feet or 42. When carbon steel pipes or black steel pipes are coated with a layer of zinc, they are galvanized and become corrosion resistant. But there are a few reasons why PEX may be a better choice. In urban and suburban areas, water is distributed from the source through large underground pipes, called water mains, under the streets. Expected release date is Jan 7th 2030. The threat of excessive microbial growth along the interior walls of drinking water distribution pipes is a major health concern of water distribution CPVC is a plastic pipe similar to PVC, with the added benefit of chlorination. For all of these methods, the nonlinear system of equations can be solved using iterative procedures (Hardy–Cross, Newton–Raphson, linear theory). Feb 7, 2023 · A water distribution system design is a blueprint for building and operating a water distribution system that provides drinkable water to a community. A water service pipe must be rated for the pressure produced by the water source and in the service line by pumps or static differences. They can be used for hot and cold water and easily connect to water distribution systems. May 15, 2014 · There are three methods for analysing the flow and pressure distribution in looped water supply networks (the loop method, the node method, the pipe method), accounting for the chosen unknown hydraulic parameters. These May 8, 2024 · EPANET-RTX is software for building real-time hydraulic and water quality models. It involves the installation of pipes and related components to ensure the efficient and reliable delivery of clean water to homes, businesses, and other facilities. PVC piping is generally used as part of a sink, toilet, or shower drain line, though it’s sometimes used as a home’s main water supply pipe. Use the following steps andFigure D-1 to determine the size of the pipe, the velocity, and the friction loss from Point A to Point B It the the water-service to the building exceeds the rated water-distribution pressure, a pressure-reducing valve must be installed. iw so zr us ga fz bh kg uc jz