Our results confirm the need for age-appropriate functional atlases Dec 1, 2021 · The brain is an exceptionally complex system and understanding its functional organization is the goal of modern neuroscience. The cerebellum has a surface that is about 80% of the size of the cerebral cortex [6] and has about 4 times as many neurons [7]. One of the advantages of a probabilistic atlas is the ability to locate an ROI with a degree of certainty (as established using the Dice coefficient analysis) in a new subject without the need to run a localizer itself. Because it was designed as a framework for a variety of resources, the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3, Wang et al, 2020) is a 3D reference space is an average brain at 10um voxel resolution created from serial two-photon tomography images of 1,675 young adult C57Bl6/J mice. Ex vivo MRI acquisitions in Overview. Thus, Atlas55+ provides a reliable age-appropriate template for RSNs in late adulthood and is publicly available. (2015) for more details) and parcellated into 268 nodes using a whole-brain, functional atlas defined in a separate sample (see Greene et al. To facilitate neuroanatomy identification, T2-weighted, T1-weighted, and Proton-Density MRIs are paired with stained tissue sections obtained from a different dog brain. , 2018). To attain maximal utilit … Jan 15, 2021 · Comparison with existing methods: The VEP atlas integrates both anatomical and functional definitions in the same atlas, adapted to applications for epilepsy patients and individualizable. Functional analysis of whole-brain imaging focuses on identifying spatial regions of the brain with coherent activity patterns aligned to a spatial brain atlas. Representative examples from (A) the set of 20 BrainMap ICA components reported in Smith et al. In this study, we will provide a novel functional cerebellar atlas using task-based imaging data and explore its convergence with earlier task-free resting-state parcellations of both the cerebellum [1, 2] and cerebral cortex [2, 4] to validate the functionality of these earlier parcellations of the cerebellum. Jul 25, 2016 · Functional interpretation of the Brainnetome Atlas: One of the key challenges in human brain research is to reconcile the regional segregation of the cortex into distinct modules with the representation of mental functions as provided by task-based neuroimaging data. We overview briefly the activities in developments of electronic versions of the TT atlas and focus on our more than 10-yr efforts in its continuous enhancement resulting in three main versions: TT-1997, TT-2000, and TT-2004. Jul 9, 2009 · ered, multi-modal probabilistic functional brain atlas derived from man y different large-scale coor dinate-based meta-analyses. Jul 1, 1994 · To enhance the accuracy and consistency of the anatomic interpretation, a PET stereotactic atlas and localization approach was designed for functional brain images. for We process the HCP fMRI data with standard methods (see Finn et al. We introduce here the concept of a transcranial brain atlas (TBA), a new kind of brain atlas specialized for transcranial techniques. The cerebellum takes up a large volume of the human brain, which has expanded more rapidly than the neocortex during evolution of humans and other great apes [5]. Using multimodal reference data, the entire brain parcellated directly in 3D, labeling every voxel with a brain Jul 29, 2020 · Evolution of Brain Atlas Content. (B) the NeuroVault whole-brain image repository [], and (C) single-subject contrast maps from the emotion processing task in the Human Connectome Project dataset (face vs. Jun 20, 2022 · This study constructed a multi-modal brain atlas for a Chinese aging population (n = 180, age: 22-79 years), which consists of a T1 atlas showing the brain morphology, a high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) atlas delineating the complex fiber architecture, and a rs-fMRI atlas reflecting brain intrinsic functional organization in Nov 14, 2020 · To the best of our knowledge, Atlas55+ (1) is the only atlas based on rs-fMRI datasets from three independent cohorts including a total of 563 healthy participants above the age of 55 years; (2) includes functional partitions of the brain at the level of the large RSNs and their subdivisions; (3) accommodates differences in neuroimaging Oct 23, 2017 · S4 Fig: Topic-based reconstruction of whole-brain activity maps. 3483 human genes are missing mouse one-to-one orthologue and is therefore missing mouse expression data in the human protein atlas, expression data based on mouse genes Jun 8, 2020 · Background Quantitative analysis of brain positron-emission tomography (PET) depends on structural segmentation, which can be time-consuming and operator-dependent when performed manually. A TBA is a probabilistic mapping from scalp space to atlas label space, relating scalp locations to anatomical, functional, network, genetic, or other labels. Here we employed the massively parallel reporter assay ChIP-STARR-seq to functionally annotate activity of >140 thousand non-coding regulatory elements (NCREs) in human neural stem cells (NSCs May 8, 2014 · Mapping synaptic connections and projections is crucial for understanding brain dynamics and function. Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3, Wang et al, 2020) is a 3D reference space is an average brain at 10um voxel resolution created from serial two-photon tomography images of 1,675 young adult C57Bl6/J mice. []. Our study also provides compelling evidence that the cingulate cortex is a functional hub region conserved from rodents to humans. The brain atlas evolution has been from hand-drawn cortical maps to print atlases to digital platforms which, thanks to tremendous advancements in acquisition techniques and computing, has enabled progress in neuroanatomy Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI ( fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. Previous. 10, 11 Therefore, the development of a 3. 0 T functional MRI (fMRI) protocol to accurately assess the brainstem for the purpose of developing a brainstem atlas is Aug 9, 2016 · Researchers created a high-resolution map of the human brain, identifying 180 distinct areas in each half of the outermost layer, the cortex. Sep 5, 2018 · Abstract. PURPOSE The development of structural probabilistic brain atlases provides the framework for new analytic methods capable of combining anatomic information with the statistical mapping of functional brain data. For the easy of validating the task-related function key words, our classification focuses on task fMRI in the 110 FUNCTIONAL ATLAS cortex by segmenting the conventional MRI data and to subject them to sophisticated mathematical procedures of “unfolding”. (2018) for more details). The spatial organization of these fibres is by no means homogeneous throughout the cortex. Here we employed the massively parallel reporter assay ChIP-STARR-seq to functionally annotate activity of >140 thousand non-coding regulatory elements (NCREs) in human neural stem cells The physiological interpretation of the functional networks/parcels employed are summarized in Table 2. , 2018), which implies a great interest in more automated methods of interpretation. An EEG-based brain connectivity analysis provides much useful and meaningful information to reflect the dynamic changes in brain neural activities, and an interpretation of the changes in cognitive functions as well (4–7). Feb 2, 2012 · Here we propose an analysis framework to reliably determine functional connectivity that is based around two main ideas: (i) functional connectivity is computed for a set of atlas-based ROIs in anatomical space that covers almost the entire brain, aiding the interpretation of MEG functional connectivity/network studies, as well as the Sep 24, 2020 · Generalizability of Functional Atlas: Functional Responsivity in Left-Out Data. , Talairach and Tournoux atlas) [2, 3]. The system provides the neurosurgeon with functions for atlas manipulation, target selection, trajectory planning and editing, 3D display and manipulation, and electrode-brain penetration calculation. The regressors in this model included stimuli vectors of human faces and everyday objects. Methods: The PET atlas was constructed from a high-resolution [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose Graph analysis of the whole-brain network constructed based on these functional parcels indicates that the rat brain has a topological organization similar to humans, characterized by both segregation and integration. The brain atlas content is the richest and most dynamic category whose development proceeds along multiple divisions, including postmortem versus in vivo data, whole brain versus specific cerebral regions, structure versus function, single data acquisition modality versus multi-modal data, single brain specimen and individual features versus a population of Oct 18, 2012 · The human cerebral cortex contains numerous myelinated fibres, many of which are concentrated in tangentially organized layers and radially oriented bundles. functional brain atlas useful for VEP Oct 10, 2018 · To investigate this, we carried out genome-wide association studies of 3,144 functional and structural brain imaging phenotypes from UK Biobank (discovery dataset 8,428 subjects). Canine Brain In Situ MRI Atlas presents transverse Apr 20, 2011 · We present a human brain atlas of white matter (WM) tracts containing 40 major tracts, which is three-dimensional (3D), segmented, labeled, interactive, stereotactic and correlated to structure and vasculature. functional organization of the brain, including molecular, cellular, metabolic, and neurophysiological features. The PET atlas was constructed Apr 16, 2024 · A novel functional genomics atlas coupled with convolutional neural networks facilitates clinical interpretation of disease relevant variants in non-coding regulatory elements Ruizhi Deng1,*, Elena Perenthaler1,*ꝉ, Anita Nikoncuk1,^, Soheil Yousefi1,^, Kristina Lanko1, Rachel Schot1, Michela Apr 16, 2024 · Genome-wide assessment of genetic variation is becoming a routine in human genetics, but functional interpretation of non-coding variants both in common and rare diseases remains extremely challenging. The atlas covers the major regions and systems of the brain, as well as clinical correlations and neuroplasticity. In the routine analysis of functional brain images obtained by PET, subjective visual interpretation is often used for anatomic localization. Given the notable skewness of the data, each power envelope was log-transformed prior to Learn about the structure and function of the human brain with this interactive online atlas, featuring detailed illustrations, animations, and quizzes. Feb 1, 2020 · To this aim, given a population of brain connectomes, we propose to learn how estimate a centered and representative functional brain network atlas (i. Feb 27, 2015 · Dedicated atlas-based solutions have been proposed and developed for stereotactic and functional neurosurgery [10, 19, 42, 43, 50, 52–54], stroke image analysis and prediction [15, 55], scan interpretation , brain cancer , psychiatry (schizophrenia) , and human brain mapping [21, 46, 51]. Jul 11, 2022 · 1. Approaches for Jan 15, 2024 · Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging tool that reflects the activity and function of brain neurons by monitoring changes in brain oxygen metabolism based on the neurovascular coupling mechanism. find the frequency-dependent functional separation of the right anterior insula by segregating it into dorsal and ventral parts at slow 6 to slow 3 frequency bands. Refer to Table S2. Local differences in the thickness and compactness of the fibre layers, and in the length and strength of the radial bundles renders it possible to Mar 2, 2016 · Functional images were spatially normalized to a digital atlas of the dog's brain . In a recent issue of Nature, Oh et al. org) A genome-wide, three-dimensional map of gene expression throughout the adult mouse brain. Advances in imaging technology in the past decades have allowed profound insights into the human brain function and anatomy for normal and pathological conditions. present a wiring diagram of the whole mouse brain, where standardized labeling, tracing, and imaging of axonal connections reveal new details in the network organization of neuronal connectivity. The atlas is not directly coupled to the anatomical space, and can represent functional networks that are variable in their spatial distribution. In the 1990s, MRI was also deployed to measure the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast in the investigation of functional activations in the brain. TBAs offer a new way to integrate and Mar 15, 2024 · Wang et al. This approach w ould likely be enhanced b y the development of a To help bridge the gap between these two analytic traditions in language research, we created a probabilistic functional atlas of the language network (‘Language Atlas’ or LanA) by overlaying Feb 18, 2020 · Several automatic image segmentation methods and few atlas databases exist for analysing structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain images. This portion of the atlas was created by combining an scRNA-seq dataset of about 7 million cells profiled Here we introduce the neuromaps toolbox, an open-access software package for accessing, transforming, and analyzing structural and functional brain annotations. Oct 6, 2022 · Use of neuromaps to contextualize two exemplar brain maps To demonstrate the utility of neuromaps we use the toolbox to transform, profile and quantitatively assess structural and functional Mar 16, 2020 · This comprehensive cortical atlas provides a reference standard for canine brain research and will improve and standardize processing and data analysis and interpretation in functional and Aug 29, 2022 · The critical advantage of the probabilistic functional atlas like LanA over a random-effects map is the straightforward interpretation of the voxel values that it affords, in terms of the Aug 1, 2021 · In this study we focused on brain parcellations and considered three brain atlases as defined by the functional Schaefer atlas with 100, 200, 400 and 600 cortical regions (Schaefer et al. An extensive coronal atlas concludes the book. The book includes a historical review of brain mapping and an analysis of the essential reference planes used for the study of the human brain. FC The transcriptome analysis shows that 13731 of the human orthologues (n= 16679) are expressed in the mouse brain, and 763 of these genes show a regionally elevated expression. Canine Brain MRI & Brain Tissue Atlas presents transverse views of a Beagle Brain obtained by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Conclusion: The covariation of structural and functional organization is the basis for current efforts of patient-specific large-scale brain network modeling Feb 15, 2012 · Here we propose an analysis framework to reliably determine functional connectivity that is based around two main ideas: (i) functional connectivity is computed for a set of atlas-based ROIs in anatomical space that covers almost the entire brain, aiding the interpretation of MEG functional connectivity/network studies, as well as the Apr 1, 2017 · Brief Overview of the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique. . Jun 1, 1994 · In the routine analysis of functional brain images obtained by PET, subjective visual interpretation is often used for anatomic localization. Brain parcellation is often a prerequisite for network analysis due to the statistical challenges, computational burdens, and interpretation difficulties arising from the high dimensionality of neuroimaging data. The recent TT-2004 version is substantially improved over the digitized print original with Mar 16, 2020 · The atlas was validated using an additional canine cohort with variable cranial conformations. Mapping the brain activity is one of the core tasks of human brain mapping. Nov 11, 2016 · To calculate functional connectivity between pairs of brain regions, we partitioned the brain into cortical ROIs using two different whole-brain atlases: the 96 cortical ROIs from the anatomical Harvard–Oxford atlas (Desikan et al. Digital brain templates, or atlases, generated either from a single-subject or from multiple subjects, have begun to replace the conventional printed brain template (e. System-level neuroimaging techniques such as PET and MRI make it possible to non-invasively access not only the anatomy of the human brain but also its physiology ( Raichle, 2000 ). It is non-invasive and convenient, especially suitable for monitoring neonatal brain function. Refer to Table S2 for more Oct 23, 2017 · Author summary A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to decode human brain activity—i. MRI has already been used to investigate tissue properties. Introduction. The human Brainnetome atlas has the following four features: (A) It establishes a fine-grained brain parcellation scheme for 210 cortical and 36 subcortical regions with a coherent pattern of anatomical connections; (B) It supplies a detailed map of anatomical and functional connections; (C) it decodes brain functions using a meta-analytical C-TT atlas in multiple orientations and representations labeled in 2D and 3D: (a) digitized original axial image (note that the Talairach grid (Section “Talairach transformation”) encompassing the brain is not exactly rectangular), (b) color-coded axial image with gyri, Brodmann’s areas, and subcortical structures labeled with full and abbreviated names, (c) coronal image in color-coded Mar 30, 2022 · Your brain is an essential organ. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases. Brain activity recorded with these techniques, and others such as EEG or MEG is generally called functional imaging. Each parcel was specifically located in a well-defined anatomical region/system, reflecting a convergence between anatomical and functional parcellations at a large scale. e. edges) between different discrete objects (i. This comprehensive cortical atlas provides a reference standard for canine brain research and will improve and standardize processing and data analysis and interpretation in functional and structural MRI research. brain-map. Feb 3, 2020 · With the advent of MRI being used more frequently in comparative neuroscience, the aim of this study was to create a three-dimensional MRI-based atlas of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) brain to provide a common reference template for the interpretation of the crocodilian, and more broadly reptilian, brain. Apr 15, 2018 · Our data demonstrate that the connectivity-based parcellation was in general consistent with the histology-based anatomical atlas (Swanson, 2004). , 2013), and the anatomical Harvard-Oxford atlas of 96 cortical regions with a Mar 8, 2021 · The label for this atlas is in the form ‘7Networks _2’, but the description for that label is the corresponding functional network, ‘Somatomotor’ in this case. Brain Activity atlas (BAA) aims to elucidate the brain activity in a comprehensive battery of functional localizers and in a large cohort of healthy adults using task-evoked fMRI. , to be able to infer mental processes from observed patterns of whole-brain activity. 28 Sasai et al. This complex organ has many functions. A brain template is a specific anatomical presentation of the brain depicting finer anatomical details (e. Although great successes have been made in localizing and characterizing the brain activity for diverse tasks with functional MRI (fMRI), the human brain activity atlases are still not well established. , 2006) and the 264 cortical and subcortical ROIs from a commonly used functional brain atlas, the areal atlas Nov 21, 2014 · An atlas-based system for stereotactic and functional neurosurgery planning and aiming at reducing hemorrhage induced by deep brain stimulation is featured in []. The impact of choosing a combination has not INTRODUCTION. Similar in scale to the Human Genome Project, the atlas comprises cellular resolution in situ hybridization (ISH) images with comprehensive anatomic coverage that reveal where each gene is expressed in the brain, as well as an integrated suite of powerful data The maps capture the normative multiscale structural and functional organization of the brain, including molecular, cellular, metabolic, and neurophysiological features. Here, we design a high-dimensional brain-wide functional mediation framework to investigate brain regions that intermediate between baseline behavioral symptoms and future The interpretation of these signals can be complex (Bartolomei et al. Jan 14, 2023 · Consequently, all cortical ROIs not defined in Atlas A1 were generated from the Brainnetome atlas, which is premised on the functional and structural connectivity of cortical regions, as Atlas A2 Jan 15, 2021 · The goal of an anatomo-functional brain atlas is to subdivide the cortical surface as well as the deep brain structures into distinct regions based on functional or structural criteria. Using fMRI, large strides in understanding this organization have been made by modeling the brain as a graph—a mathematical construct describing the connections or interactions (i. With a large cohort of healthy adults (N > 500), the Jun 21, 2011 · The intrinsic relationship between the architecture of the brain and the range of sensory and behavioral phenomena it produces is a relevant question in neuroscience. Population Feb 1, 2021 · The functional organization and structural topography of large-scale multivariate neural mediators among patients with brain disorders, however, are not well understood. The relatively stereotyped overall topology of the zebrafish brain facilitates alignment across individuals, allowing brain maps to be compared for different animals and different A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain. , 2018), functional Shen atlas with 79, 156 and 232 cortical regions (Shen et al. We have extensively published these efforts in about Oct 2, 2023 · Nevertheless, the atlas has been employed for a wide range of purposes, including interpretation of functional neuroimaging data 21,22, reconstruction of fiber tracts and receptor densities 23 Nov 14, 2020 · To the best of our knowledge, Atlas55+ (1) is the only atlas based on rs-fMRI datasets from three independent cohorts including a total of 563 healthy participants above the age of 55 years; (2) includes functional partitions of the brain at the level of the large RSNs and their subdivisions; (3) accommodates differences in neuroimaging Sep 15, 2018 · Allen Mouse Brain Atlas (mouse. Figure 2 depicts the ICN SMs from the FBIRN data set grouped into functional domains based on the Yeo et al. Mar 7, 2022 · This atlas enables estimating the probability that any given location in a common brain space belongs to the language network, and thus can help interpret group-level peaks and meta-analyses of Sep 24, 2016 · This chapter discusses the concepts behind population-based, age-, and disease-specific brain atlas construction that can be used to reflect the specific anatomy and physiology of a particular clinical subpopulation. It receives, processes and interprets information. Jan 1, 2023 · Using functional connectivity computed from the same brain atlas, researchers have also investigated the predictability of therapeutic response in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (Reggente et al. We implement two registration frameworks to generate high-quality transformations between four standard coordinate systems commonly used in neuroimaging research. Previous decoding efforts have focused on classifying brain activity into a small set of discrete cognitive states. [1] [2] This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. Feb 8, 2006 · It provides a detailed review of the sulcal and the gyral anatomy of the human cortex, guiding readers through an interpretation of the individual brain atlas provided by high-resolution MRI. nodes). Methods: The PET atlas was constructed Apr 24, 2023 · We focus here on network analysis of functional connectivity (FC) 1, the matrix of pairwise correlations across brain regions in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Predominant approaches are largely unimodal with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) being the primary modality used. find the band-specific shifts of the brain-wide neural coherence and that modules showing the highest variance are in the parieto-occipital regions at 0. Map of the human brain’s outer layer, or cerebral cortex, showing where our Jan 6, 2022 · The maps capture the normative multiscale structural and. Apr 12, 2023 · Analysis of functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project and Brain Genomics Superstruct Project reveals common functional gradients among the human isocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Statistical analyses of fMRI data were performed using the General Linear Model as implemented in FSL. ( 2011 ) atlas. , a population center) to reliably map the functional connectome and its variability across training individuals, thereby capturing their shared traits (i. , nuclei, cortical areas) []. 3 Activation of neurons in the brain leads to the consumption of oxygen as well as to an increased flow of Sep 23, 2016 · Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was then used to generate haemodynamic maps which were analyzed using a new atlas to measure the levels of involvement of ten normal functional brain networks. The relationship between brain structure and function is approached in a topographical fashion with an analysis of the necessary imaging methodology and Feb 11, 2022 · For each fMRI volume, the output indicates whether it is an ICN or not and lists the corresponding top 3 highest spatially correlated ROIs in the AAL anatomical atlas and Yeo et al. g. The developments in brain atlases parallel the advances in neuroanatomy. To enhance the accuracy and consistency of the anatomic interpretation, a PET stereotactic atlas and localization approach was designed for functional brain images. The atlas is available in English and French, and is suitable for students and professionals alike. Subsequent chapters provide a detailed review of the sulcal and the gyral anatomy of the human cortex, guiding the reader through an interpretation of the individual brain atlas provided by high Generally, the interpretation of functional MRI (fMRI) activation maps continues to rely on assessing their relationship to anatomical structures, mostly in a qualitative and often subjective way. shape contrast). More and more studies prove a strong association between brain cognitive function and neural connectivity in different brain regions (1–3). Here we show The Talairach-Tournoux (TT) atlas is probably the most often used brain atlas. Neuroscientists, neuroradiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and students of human behavior should find this book useful guiding them to a better understanding of the localization of brain function. However, existing approaches to brain decoding suffer from a number of important limitations—for example, they often work only in one narrow domain of cognition, and cannot be easily generalized to novel Feb 9, 2024 · Furthermore, mapping from brain structures and the structural connectome (white matter connectivity matrix) to its functions is complex and not simply a one-to-one transformation. The study provides new insights and tools for understanding the roles of specialized brain regions in health and disease. The gyral structure of brain cortex, which probably responds to evolutionary and ecological require-ments, poses severe problems to the fine interpretation of neural processes. Aug 22, 2023 · Introduction. Recently, the existence of persistent and stable brain networks of functional nature has been revealed; … Jan 19, 2023 · Human brain atlases are tools to gather, present, use, and discover knowledge about the human brain. Your brain also stores memories and controls your movements. The earliest, most famous and influential attempt to create a map of anatomical brain atlas dates back more than 100 years to Korbinian Brodmann (Brodmann, 1909 A probabilistic SVT method for mapping statistical variability between groups in subtraction paradigm studies of functional brain data is proposed, test, and validate. It has been found that cortico-cortical networks Feb 5, 2021 · Lastly, we constructed a novel brain atlas, called Atlas55+, which includes the consensus of the major RSNs and their subdivisions across the older-adult cohorts. We derive an algorithm for fitting this generative model to the observed data in a population. [3] This review will focus on the development of the population-based probabilistic atlases and application studies proving the utility of the atlased in basic neuroscience and the clinical assessment of brain disorders. Apr 13, 2024 · Genome-wide assessment of genetic variation is becoming a routine in human genetics, but functional interpretation of non-coding variants both in common and rare diseases remains extremely challenging. , connectional fingerprint of a Abstract. We consider: 1) WM accuracy by correlating WM tracts to underlying neuroanatomy and quantifying them; 2) balance between realism and completeness by processing a sequence of track Oct 23, 2017 · A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to decode human brain activity-that is, to infer mental processes from observed patterns of whole-brain activation. Using multimodal reference data, the entire brain parcellated directly in 3D, labeling every voxel with a brain Imaging of the core brain structures is included. All of your emotions, sensations, aspirations and everything that makes you uniquely individual come from your brain. The atlas is represented by a common prior distribution for the embedded fMRI signals of all subjects. The ability to identify patients who might benefit more from a treatment has implications for personalized medicine. functional atlas. Here, we review recent knowledge gained on the architecture of the anatomical connectivity by means of complex network analysis. Previous automatic segmentation usually registered subjects’ images onto an atlas template (defined as RSIAT here) for group analysis, which changed the individuals’ images and probably affected regional Mapping the human brain functions is one of the core tasks of human brain mapping.
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